By: Lauren Russell
List, describe, and illustrate the major anatomical areas of a long bone.
-The diaphysis is the long shaft of the bone; it is composed of mostly compact bone, which provides considerable strength.
-The epiphysis are the large ends of the long bone; each epiphysis is consists of a thin layer of compact bone overlying spongy bone; they are also convered by cartilage
-The periosteum is a fibrous connective tissue membrane covering the diaphysis
-Sharpey's fibers secure the periosteum to underlying bone
-The articular cartilage covers the external surface of the epiphysis; it's made of hyaline cartilage and decreases friction at joint surfaces
-The epiphyseal plate is a flat plate made of hyaline cartilage seen in young, growing bone
-The epiphyseal line is remnant of the epiphyseal plate and is seen in adult bones
-The medullary cavity is inside of the shaft; contains yellow marrow (mostly fat) in adults; contains red marrow (for blood cell formation) in infants
http://visual.merriam-webster.com/human-being/anatomy/skeleton/structure-long-bone.php
-The epiphyseal plate is a flat plate made of hyaline cartilage seen in young, growing bone
-The epiphyseal line is remnant of the epiphyseal plate and is seen in adult bones
-The medullary cavity is inside of the shaft; contains yellow marrow (mostly fat) in adults; contains red marrow (for blood cell formation) in infants
http://visual.merriam-webster.com/human-being/anatomy/skeleton/structure-long-bone.php
Explain the chemistry involved in making bone both hard and flexible
-The bone formation process is known as ossification
-Involves two major phases:
-Growth:
-First, hyaline cartilage is covered with bone matirx by bone forming cells called osteoblasts
-Then, the enclosed hyaline cartilage is digested away and a medullary cavity opens up
-Shortly after birth, most hylaine cartilage have been converted to bone\
-Bones widen through a process called appostitional growth
-Bones are contiually growing
-Remodeling:
-Bones adapt as the body increases in size and weight
-Bones are remodeled in response to calcium levels in the blood and the pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton
-PTH determines when bone is to be broken down
-The stresses of muscle pull and gravity acting on the skeleton determine where bone matirx is to be broken down
-Involves two major phases:
-Growth:
-First, hyaline cartilage is covered with bone matirx by bone forming cells called osteoblasts
-Then, the enclosed hyaline cartilage is digested away and a medullary cavity opens up
-Shortly after birth, most hylaine cartilage have been converted to bone\
-Bones widen through a process called appostitional growth
-Bones are contiually growing
-Remodeling:
-Bones adapt as the body increases in size and weight
-Bones are remodeled in response to calcium levels in the blood and the pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton
-PTH determines when bone is to be broken down
-The stresses of muscle pull and gravity acting on the skeleton determine where bone matirx is to be broken down